Establishment and evaluation of early in-hospital death prediction model for patients with acute pancreatitis in intensive care unit / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the death risk prediction factors of acute pancreatitis (AP) patients in intensive care unit (ICU), and to establish a death prediction model and evaluate its efficacy.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the data in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅲ (MIMIC-Ⅲ). The clinical data of 285 AP patients admitted to the ICU in the database were collected, including age, gender, blood routine and blood biochemical indicators, comorbidities, simplified acute physiology score Ⅲ (SAPS Ⅲ) and hospital prognosis. By using univariate analysis, the differences in the clinical data of the patients were compared between the two groups. Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen out independent predictors of in-hospital death in AP patients. A death prediction model was established, and the nomogram was drawn. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to test the discrimination of the prediction model. In addition, the prediction model was compared with the SAPSⅢ score in predicting in-hospital death. The calibration ability of the prediction model was evaluated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test, and a calibration map was drawn to show the calibration degree of the prediction model.Results:Among 285 patients with AP, 29 patients died in the hospital and 256 patients survived. Univariate analysis showed that the patients in the death group were older than those in the survival group (years old: 70±17 vs. 58±16), and had higher white blood cell count (WBC), total bilirubin (TBil), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW), proportion of congestive heart failure and SAPSⅢ score [WBC (×10 9/L): 18.5 (13.9, 24.3) vs. 13.2 (9.3, 17.9), TBil (μmol/L): 29.1 (15.4, 66.7) vs. 16.2 (10.3, 29.1), SCr (μmol/L): 114.9 (88.4, 300.6) vs. 79.6 (53.0, 114.9), BUN (mmol/L): 13.9 (9.3, 17.8) vs. 6.1 (3.7, 9.6), RDW: 0.152 (0.141, 0.165) vs. 0.141 (0.134, 0.150), congestive heart failure: 34.5% vs. 14.8%, SAPSⅢ score: 66 (52, 90) vs. 39 (30, 48), all P < 0.05]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.038, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.005-1.073], WBC ( OR = 1.103, 95% CI was 1.038-1.172), TBil ( OR = 1.247, 95% CI was 1.066-1.459), BUN ( OR = 1.034, 95% CI was 1.014-1.055) and RDW ( OR = 1.344, 95% CI was 1.024-1.764) were independent risk predictors of in-hospital death in patients with AP. Logistic regression model was established: Logit ( P) = 0.037×age+0.098×WBC+0.221×TBil+0.033×BUN+0.296×RDW-12.133. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the Logistic regression model for predicting the in-hospital death of patients with AP was 0.870 (95% CI was 0.794-0.946), the sensitivity was 86.2%, and the specificity was 78.5%, indicating that the model had good predictive performance, and it was superior to the SAPSⅢ score [AUC was 0.831 (95% CI was 0.754-0.907), the sensitivity was 82.8%, and the specificity was 75.4%]. A nomogram model was established based on the result of multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The calibration map showed that the calibration curve of the nomogram model was very close to the standard curve, with the goodness of fit test: χ 2 = 6.986, P = 0.538, indicating that the consistency between the predicted death risk of the nomogram model and the actual occurrence risk was relatively high. Conclusions:The older the AP patient is, the higher the WBC, TBil, BUN, and RDW, and the greater the risk of hospital death. The death prediction Logistic regression model and nomogram model constructed based on the above indicators have good discrimination ability and high accuracy for high-risk patients with hospital death, which can accurately predict the probability of death in AP patients and provide a basis for prognosis judgment and clinical treatment of AP patients.

The efficacy of modified Quyuan decoction in treating children upper airway cough symptom complex with syndrome of phlegm and heat accumulated in lung / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective@#To investigate the efficacy of modified Quyuan decoction in the treatment of Children upper airway cough symptom complex with syndrome of phlegm and heat accumulated in lung.@*Methods@#Eighty-two Children with upper airway cough symptom complex who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups with 41 in each group. In the control group, monteluster sodium chewing tablets were taken orally and budesonide suspension was inhaled. The observation group took modified Quyuan decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 2 weeks and followed up for 6 months. The levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-13 were detected by double-antibody-sandwich ELISA, and the symptoms and signs were scored before and after treatment, as well as the symptoms of phlegm, heat and stagnation of lung, cough and pharynx. The efficacy was evaluated and recurrence rate was recorded.@*Results@#The total effective rate 95.12% (39/41) in the observation group was obviously higher than 75.61% (31/41) in the control group (χ2=4.783, P=0.029). After treatment, the serum level of IL-8 (51.61 ± 5.94 ng/L vs. 71.25 ± 7.99 ng/L, t=12.631) and IL-13 (27.62 ± 3.20 ng/L vs. 34.91 ± 4.01 ng/L, t=9.099) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the scores of cough, nasal obstruction, runny nose, nasal itching, expectoration, sneezing, secretion of posterior pharyngeal wall and pharyngeal mucosa in the observation group were all significantly lower than those in the control group (t values were 7.762, 6.831, 6.217, 6.944, 6.408, 6.212, 7.268, 7.109, all Ps<0.01). The scores of cough, expectoration, blood in sputum, chest pain, dry mouth and fever were significantly lower than those of the control group (t values were 9.439, 6.831, 6.982, 10.115, 12.031 and 10.443, all Ps<0.01). Scores of daytime and nighttime cough symptoms were significantly lower than those of the control group (t values were 7.012, 7.241, respectively, all Ps<0.01). The scores of pharyngeal pain, pharyngeal dryness and pharyngeal foreign body sensation were significantly lower than those of the control group (t values were 6.003, 6.106, 6.318, respectively, all Ps<0.01). In the 6 months' follow-up observation, the recurrence rate was 17.7% (3/17) in the observation group and 53.9% (7/13) in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.344, P=0.037).@*Conclusions@#The modified Quyuan decoction combined with conventional western medicine can improve the symptoms and signs of upper airway cough symptom complex of children with syndrome of phlegm and heat accumulated in lung.

Physiological effects of weightlessness: countermeasure system development for a long-term Chinese manned spaceflight / 医学前沿

The Chinese space station will be built around 2020. As a national space laboratory, it will offer unique opportunities for studying the physiological effects of weightlessness and the efficacy of the countermeasures against such effects. In this paper, we described the development of countermeasure systems in the Chinese space program. To emphasize the need of the Chinese space program to implement its own program for developing countermeasures, we reviewed the literature on the negative physiological effects of weightlessness, the challenges of completing missions, the development of countermeasure devices, the establishment of countermeasure programs, and the efficacy of the countermeasure techniques in American and Russian manned spaceflights. In addition, a brief overview was provided on the Chinese research and development on countermeasures to discuss the current status and goals of the development of countermeasures against physiological problems associated with weightlessness.

Effect of cognitive-behavior therapy combined with mirtazapine on clinical efficacy in patients with functional dyspepsia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with mirtazapine for patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).@*Methods@#Totally 121 patients with FD who met Rome Ⅳ diagnostic criteria in clinic of clinical psychiatry of a general hospital were collected.They were randomly divided into combined treatment group(n=61) and single drug group(n=60). The treatment period was 8 weeks.All patients with FD were given mirtazapine.The combined treatment group received 8 times systemic CBT treatments at the same time.Symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) and gastrointestinal integral scale (GIS) were evaluated in all patients before and after 8-week intervention.@*Results@#After 8 weeks of intervention, the total score of SCL-90 scale, somatization, compulsion, depression, paranoia and other factors in the combined treatment group were lower than those in the single group(130.26±36.18 vs 147.95±45.55, 1.34±0.44 vs 1.51±0.5, 1.66±0.50 vs 1.90±0.66, 1.47±0.52 vs 1.69±0.63, 1.48±0.49 vs 1.70±0.61, 1.47±0.50 vs 1.73±0.68, respectively)(all P<0.05). After 8 weeks of intervention, the total score of the GIS scale in the combined treatment group (6.77±5.05 vs 9.49±5.24), vomiting (0.57±0.77 vs 0.88±0.91), spastic upper abdominal pain (0.43±0.74 vs 0.90±1.08) and post-sternal discomfort (0.57±0.89 vs 1.05±1.19) were significantly lower than that of the simple drug group after intervention(6.77±5.05 vs 9.49±5.24, 0.57±0.77 vs 0.88 ±0.91, 0.43±0.74 vs 0.90±1.08 and 0.57±0.89 vs 1.05±1.19, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#CBT combined with mirtazapine in the treatment of FD is superior to drug therapy alone.CBT combined with mirtazapine can improve the emotional problems in the treatment of FD and further improving the digestive function.

Relationships between anhedonia, alexithymia and self-efficacy in college students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between anhedonia,alexithymia and self-efficacy in college students.Methods 260 college students were tested with Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS),Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS),20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES).Results (1) Males showed obviously higher level of SHAPS scores (24.91±5.14) and lower level of anticipatory pleasure of TEPS (TEPS-ANT) scores(31.81±5.79)than females (22.97±5.34 and 33.36±5.71,respectively).(2)Significant difference existed between the high-scoring,the middle-scoring and the low-scoring anhedonia group in TAS factor 1 (difficulty in identifying feelings) and GSES (F=3.11,5.30,P＜0.05 or 0.01),the scores of TAS factor 1 (difficulty in identifying feelings) in high-scoring anhedonia group were higher than that in low-scoring anhedonia group (20.24±4.94 vs 18.10±5.07,P＜0.01),and the scores of GSES in high-scoring anhedonia group were lower than that in low-scoring anhedonia group (24.97±6.72 vs 27.90±4.37,P＜0.01).(3)The SHAPS scores were positively related to TAS factor 2 (difficulty in describing feelings) and factor 3 (externally oriented thinking) (r =0.18,0.27,both P＜0.01),negatively related to GSES scores(r=-0.33,P＜0.01).Both TEPS-ANT and consummatory pleasure of TEPS (TEPS-CON) were negatively related to TAS factor1 (difficulty in identifying feelings)scores (r=-0.22,P＜ 0.01;r =-0.15,P＜ 0.05),positively related to GSES scores (r =0.28,0.26,both P＜0.01).(4)Layer multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the SHAPS scores were significant predictors of the general self-efficacy(β=-0.33,P＜0.01).Conclusions The anhedonia in college students has a closely relationship with alexithymia and self-efficacy,college students with high anhedonia have high level of alexithymia and low level of self-efficacy.

Molecular clasification of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated fromnose swabs of medical staff in neonatal department and clinic / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To understand the biological characteristicsand drug resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from neonatal clinic and the nose swabs of medical staff in the neonatal department.Methods Twenty-six strains of MRSA clinically isolated from the neonatal department and the nose swabs of medical staff in this department were collected and performed the multilocus sequence typing (MLST),spa typing, staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing.The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene was simultaneously detected.The antimicrobial susceptibility test of 14 antibacterial dugs was performed.Results Among 26 strains of MRSA,53.8% was isolated from sputum,2 strains were detected from the nase swab of medical staff.The MLST type had 5 types,ST59 accounted for 76.9%.The spa type had 8 types,t437 acoounted for 65.4%.the SCCmec type had only 2 types,20 strains were SCCmecⅣ(76.9%,20/26) and 4 strains(15.4%) were SCCmecV.In the PLV gene detection,the PVL positive rate was 15.4%.One strain of MRSA from the nose swabs of medical staff in the neonatal department was100% homologous with 1 strain from the patient by PFGE analysis.The drug susceptibility test results showed that all MRSA strains were 100% sensitive to antibacterial drugs of nitrofurantoin,quinupristin/dalfopristin,vancomycin and quinolone,while had higher resistance rates to tetracycline,erythromycin and clindamycin,which were above 50%.Conclusion In MRSA strains isolated from the neonatal department in this study,the most common clones were MRSA-ST59-SCCmecⅣ-t437.Erythromycin and clindamycin should not be preferred in the empiric treatment of newborn MRSA.

Exploration of the Implementation Path of Patent Standardization in Pharmaceutical Industry by Learning from the Experience of Electronic Communication Industry / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for developing the implementation path of patent standardization for pharmaceuti-cal industry. METHODS:For the situation that pharmaceutical industry is still in the exploratory stage and lacks of viable experi-ence,the mature experiences of electronic communication industry in patent leading standardization implementation,authoritative organizations helping implementing patent standardization and industry alliance to promote the development of patent standardiza-tion were used as reference,combining with standard development cycle,trying to develop the implementation path of patent stan-dardization that met characteristics of pharmaceutical industry. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The implementation path of patent standardization for pharmaceutical industry was divided into standard formation stage,promotion stage and upgrade stage. The main path in each stage was from patent to registration standards officially formed,guiding by policies and regulations of Food and Drug Administration to conduct standard promote by drug generation,and upgrading the drug standard by patent replacement.

Evaluation of clinical effect of transabdominal sonographyand transvaginal sonography in early diagnosisof ectopic gestation

Objective: To analyze the application of transabdominal sonography and transvaginal sonography in early diagnosis of pregnancy and to provide a reference for the selection of diagnosis methods in clinic

Methods: One hundred and eighty patients who were admitted into the hospital from February 2013 to February 2014, received clinical diagnosis and were confirmed as ectopic gestation by surgery were selected as research objects. They were examined by transabdominal sonography, transvaginal sonography, and transabdominal sonography in combination with transvaginal sonography respectively. Besides, the ultrasonic performance was observed and compared with surgical pathological results to analyze and compare diagnostic accordance rate

Results: The positive rate of transabdominal sonography in combination with transvaginal sonography was much higher than that of transabdominal sonography and transvaginal sonography and the differences had statistical significance [P<0.05]. The detection rate of different positive characteristics using the combined examination was much higher than that of transabdominal sonography and transvaginal sonography, and the differences had statistical significance [P<0.05]. The detection rates of different types of ectopic gestation and different sizes of mass using transabdominal sonography in combination of transvaginal sonography were higher than that of transabdominal sonography and transvaginal sonography [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Transabdominal sonography in combination with transvaginal sonography can complement information, improve detection rate, and reduce or avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, which provides a scientific basis for the formulation of clinical treatment scheme

Upregulation of miR-223 in the rat liver inhibits proliferation of hepatocytes under simulated microgravity

Long-term spaceflight affects numerous organ systems in the body, including metabolic dysfunction. Recently, ample evidence has demonstrated that the liver is a vulnerable organ during spaceflight. However, the changes in hepatocyte proliferation and cell cycle control under microgravity remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we first confirmed that the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, biochemical markers of liver function, were altered in rats under tail suspension (TS) conditions to simulate microgravity, as shown in previous reports. Next, we demonstrated that the cell proliferation activity, determined by Ki67, PCNA and PH3, was significantly decreased at the different TS time points (TS for 14, 28 and 42 days) compared with that in the control group. Consistently, the positive cell cycle regulators Ccna2, Ccnd1, Cdk1, Cdk2 and cyclin D3 were also significantly decreased in the TS groups as shown by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting analysis. Subsequent analysis revealed that the aberrant hepatocyte proliferation inhibition under simulated microgravity was associated with the upregulation of miR-223 in the liver. We further found that miR-223 inhibited the proliferation of Hepa1-6 cells and identified CDK2 and CUL1 as its direct targets. In addition, the decreased expression of CDK2 and CUL1 was negatively correlated with the level of p27 in vitro and in vivo, which may have been responsible for retarding hepatocyte proliferation. Collectively, these data indicate that upregulation of miR-223 was associated with the inhibition of liver cell growth and reveal the role of miR-223 in rat hepatocyte proliferation disorders and the pathophysiological process under simulated microgravity.

Measurement of leaf position accuracy of dynamic multi-leaf collimator using electronic portal imaging device and EBT3 film dosimeter / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To establish a fast and accurate method for measurement of leaf position accuracy of dynamic multi-leaf collimator (MLC) using electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and EBT3 film dosimeter.Methods A Varian 6 MV accelerator was used with the gantry angle and the collimator angle fixed at zero degree.A total of 11 sliding window MLC fields were designed.Each field contained a group of strip fields with the same width.The width of a strip field ranged from 1 mm to 10 mm and the distance between two adjacent strip fields was 20 mm.The relationship between the width of the strip field (band width) and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) was calibrated using EPID and EBT3 as measurement tools.A field with a band width of 5 mm was designed in the same way and several MLC leaf deviations were made in different positions.EPID and EBT3 film dosimeter were used to analyze the leaf position accuracy.Results A good linear relationship between band width and FWHM was achieved when the band width was larger than 4 mm.The accuracy of band width,distance between peaks,and MLC leaf position were determined as ±0.2 mm,±0.1 mm,and ±0.1 mm by EPID and ±0.3 mm,±0.2 mm,and ± 0.2 mm by EBT3 film dosimeter,respectively.Conclusions This study provides a fast and accurate method for the measurement of MLC leaf position accuracy using EPID or EBT3 film dosimeter,which is helpful for quality assurance of MLC.

Clinical study on Jin’s three-needle plusXiang Ju Capsules for allergic rhinitis / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of Jin’s three-needle plusXiang Ju Capsules for allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods:Fifty patients with AR were randomly divided into an acupuncture-medication group and a medication group by the random digital table, 25 cases in each group. The acupuncture-medication group was treated with dorsal three-needle and nasal three-needle in Jin’s three-needle therapy, once every day, plus oral administration of Xiang JuCapsules, 4 pills each time, and three times per day. The medication group was only treated with oral administration ofXiang JuCapsules, 4 pills each time, and three times per day. For both groups, 10-day treatment constituted a course. The therapeutic effects were observed after continuous 2 courses. The symptoms and signs are scored before and after treatment, and the therapeutic effects were assessed based upon the changes of the patient’s symptoms and signs. Results:After treatment, the total effective rate was 96.0% in the acupuncture-medication group and 72.0% in the medication group. The difference in the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:The therapeutic effect was remarkable in treating AR of Jin’s three-needle plusXiang JuCapsules, better than oral administration of Xiang JuCapsules alone.

Etiology of Diarrheal Disease Years in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2014 / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective Through the analysis of the pathogens distribution of out-patient department and emergency department patients with diarrhea from Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University in 2013~2014,so as to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea disease.While understanding the improved Salmonella detection results.Methods Var-ied pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from 1 719 diarhea stool samples of native Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University from 2013 to 2014 through enrich culture,separate culture,biochemistry,serology etc.Pathogenic virus were test-ed for 451 watery stool specimens by fluorescence PCR.Analyzed statistical differences between the direct inoculation and selenite cystine broth enrichment for Salmonella.Results Picked out 143 disease germs from 1 719 examples diarrhea pa-tient’s stool samples,among which there were 25 strains of ETEC,12 strains of EPEC,8 strains of EAEC,1 strains of EIEC,19 strains ofVibrio parahemolyticus,76 strains Salmonella,2 strains Shigella and 0 strain ofVibrio cholera.There were 10 samples with two disease germs timely.Picked out 189 disease viruses from 451 examples diarrhea patient’s stool without disease germs,among which there were 79 Rotaviruspositive,91 Norwalkvirus positive,9 Adenoviruspositive,10 Astrovirus positive.There were 4 samples with Rotavirus and Norwalkvirus timely.After Salmonella ways to improve the positive rate of 0.6% (17/2 627)increased to 4.4% (76/1 719),χ2=67.2,P<0.01,the difference was statistically signifi-cant.Conclusion The detectable rate of Salmonella and Norwalk virus was the majority,and the clinic enhance the test of the diarrhea pathogenic microorganism,including the improvement of detection method,to reduce the missing rate of them,to provide the scientific basis for the diagnostical therapectic measures.

Study of effects of micheliolide on ovarian cancer cell lines and its mechanism / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To study the roles of micheliolide on ovarian cancer cells. Methods Firstly, human ovarian cancer cell lines HeyA8, SKOV3 and A2780/DDP were treated with different concentration of micheliolide (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50 μmol/L) for 72 hours, then methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used wo detect the growth of the human ovarian cancer cell lines and the stongest inhibited cell line were selected for the following test. Secondly, after HeyA8 cell line was treated with different concentration (5, 10, 20μmol/L) of micheliolide for 24 hours, the HeyA8 cell apoptosis was measured byflow cytometry. Thirdly, the expression of RelA mRNA in HeyA8 cell was detected through real-time PCR, the expressions of nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)signal pathway related protein RelA and the activited cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (caspase-9) were detected by western blot analysis. Results (1) The growth of HeyA8, SKOV3 and A2780/DDP cells were all significantly inhibited after being treated with different concentration of micheliolide for 72 hours and the roles of inhibition were all concentration dependant (P<0.05). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HeyA8, SKOV3 and A2780/DDP were (9.8±2.2), (12.0±2.1) and (12.8±1.8)μmol/L, respectively. We chose HeyA8 cell to do the following expreriments because of its best inhibited effect. (2) After HeyA8 cell was treated with micheliolide of different concentrations, as the concentration increased (20 and 0μmol/L, for example), the apoptosis rate of HeyA8 cell raised from (7.2±1.0)%to (17.4±1.1)%, the percentage of survived cells reduce from (92.8 ± 1.3)% to (82.6 ± 1.4)%,and the relative mRNA level of RelA decreased from 1.00 ± 0.13 to 0.18 ± 0.00 (P<0.01); furthermore, the expression of RelA protein was weaken and the activited caspase-9 protein expression was increased gradually. Conclusions Micheliolide plays a significantly inhibited role in HeyA8, SKOV3 and A2780/DDP cells. The inhibited role of micheliolide inovarian cancer cells might through inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) signaling pathway, and inducing the expression of activited caspase-9 protein to promoting apoptosis of HeyA8 cell.

Diagnostic value and disease evaluation significance of abdominal ultrasound inspection for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

Objective: To summarize abdominal plain X-rays and ultrasound characteristics of 144 cases of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis [NEC] and to analyze diagnostic value and disease evaluation significance of abdominal ultrasound inspection for NEC

Methods:Clinical data of 144 NEC patients were retrospectively analyzed from February 2014 to December 2015. The patients were divided into suspected NEC group [N=74] and confirmed NEC group [N=70] according to amended Bell-NEC classification and diagnostic criteria. Meanwhile, we divided them into internal medicine treatment group [N=95] and surgery/death group [N=49] according to clinical prognosis and took records of their clinical manifestations, laboratory inspection results and abdominal plain X-rays and ultrasound characteristics

Results:For confirmed NEC group, the detection rate of portal venous gas [PVG] and dilatation of intestine by abdominal ultrasound was obviously higher than by plain X-rays [P<0.05]. Abdominal ultrasound inspection revealed that the incidence rate of dilatation of intestine, bowel wall thickening and ascites [acoustic transmission difference] of the surgery/death group was higher than that of the internal medicine treatment group by comparing risk ratio [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] of RR; the difference was statistically significant [P<0.05]. The abdominal plain X-rays inspection only showed the result that dilatation of intestine and free intraperitoneal air was more often found in the surgery/death group [P<0.05]

Conclusion:Compared with abdominal plain X-rays, abdominal ultrasound has certain clinical value and offers more advantages in some aspects; therefore, it can be considered as the reference index in prediction of clinical prognosis

Clinical value of color doppler ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of umbilical cord entry abnormity

Objective: To study the clinical value of prenatal diagnosis of umbilical cord entry abnormity [UCEA] by means of color Doppler ultrasound [CDUS]

Methods: Clinical data of sixty-four cases with confirmed umbilical cord entry abnormity were reviewed and the specific UCEA conditions and the outcomes of perinatal infants were analyzed

Results: Detection rates of marginal umbilical cord entry abnormity and velamentous umbilical cord entry abnormity by means of CDUS at second trimester were 94.1% and 93.8% respecdtively much higher than 80.0% and 68.8% which were those of third trimester. Discrepancy had statistical significance [P<0.05]. True positive rate of prenatal diagnosis of UCEA by means of CDUS was 85.9% [55/64], and false negative rate was 14.1% [9/64]. Among sixty four patients with UCEA, seventeen patients [26.6%] underwent selective caesarean delivery; twenty-six patients [35.9%] underwent emergency caesarean delivery and twenty-four patients [37.5%] had normal delivery

Conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis of UCEA by means of CDUS is intuitive and accurate. It provides an evidence for determination of the best time to diagnose UCEA, and also offers a proper advice for pregnant women about delivery mode to ensure the fetus survival rate, which is clinically valuable

Epidemiologic and etiologic characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli infection in population in Shenzhen / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the epidemiologic and etiologic characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia (E.) coli infections in Shenzhen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stool samples were collected from acute diarrheal patients in four sentinel hospitals in Shenzhen and diarrheagenic E. coli strains were isolated and identified with multiplex real-time PCR. Serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing were conducted for the diarrheagenic E. coli isolates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 74 diarrheagenic E. coli strains were isolated from 1 823 stool samples (4.06%). The patients were mainly young children aged <3 years and adults aged 20-39 years, and the infections mainly occurred during May-September of a year. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and enteropathognic E. coli (EPEC) were predominant (45.9% and 31.1%). Serogroups and PFGE patterns varied among the diarrheagenic E. coli isolates. However, serogroup O159 were predominant in ETEC and there were 5 clusters with ≥2 strains sharing same PFGE patterns.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ETEC and EPEC were predominant in diarrheagenic E. coli strains isolated from diarrheal patients in Shenzhen. Age and season specific characteristics of diarrheagenic E. coli infections were observed. The serotypes and PFGE patterns of diarrheagenic E. coli strains varied. Close attention should be paid to the possible ETEC outbreak.</p>

Effect of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on hormones and neurotransmitters of hypotha- lamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in rats under simulated weightlessness / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the change pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and related neurotransmitters under simulated weightlessness.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 40 clean-grade male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a tail-suspension group, an electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC 6) group, an EA at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) group, 10 rats in each group. Rats in the tail-suspension group, EA at "Neiguan" (PC 6) group and EA at "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) group were treated with tail suspension to simulate weightlessness effect. Rats in the normal group were treated with normal diet. Rats in the tail-suspension group were treated with tail suspension for 28 d. During the time of tail suspension, rats in the EA at "Neiguan" (PC 6) group were treated with EA at "Neiguan" (PC 6), 30 min per treatment, once every two days for 14 treatments, while rats in the EA at "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) group were treated with EA at "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6), 30 min per treatment, once every two days for 14 treatments. Samples were all collected after 4 weeks. The contents of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) , adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT) in as well as 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) were measured by using radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal group, in the tail-suspension group the content of ACTH in pituitary was significantly decreased (P< 0.05), and the content of 5-HT in hypothalamus was significantly decreased (P < 0.01); the content of CRH and 5-HT in hypothalamus was significantly decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in the EA at "Neiguan" (PC 6) group; the content of CRH and 5-HT in hypothalamus was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the content of CORT in serum was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the EA at "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) group. Compared with the tail-suspension group, the content of ACTH in hypothalamus was significantly decreased (P< 0.05) in the EA at "Neiguan" (PC 6) group; the content of CRH, ACTH and CORT was significantly decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in the EA at "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) group. Compared with the EA at "Neiguan" (PC 6) group, the content of CORT was decreased (P < 0.05) in the EA at "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA can regulate the content of 5-HT in hypothalamus in tail-suspension rats, inhibit the hyperactivity of the HPA axis, in which EA at "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) had more significant effects than "Neiguan" (PC 6), but no obvious effects on NE and DA were observed.</p>

Study of newborn hearing and genetic screening in Jinan / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In this study, we employed newborn hearing screening and gene screening concurrently to explore the hearing loss associated with mutations in the city of Jinan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 3 288 newborns born between March 2013 and December 2013 in Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital received hearing concurrent genetic screening. Transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) was used in rooming-in newborns, while TEOAE and auto auditory brainstem response (AABR) was used in infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Two drops of heel blood were harvested with filter paper. Nine mutations [GJB2 (235delC, 35delG, 299delAT, 176del16), SLC26A4 (IVS7-2A>G,2168 A>G), GJB3 (538 C>T), 12SrRNA (1555 A>G, 1494C>T)] of 4 frequent genes associated with Chinese hearing loss were determined by gene chip in these dried blood samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 3 288 newborns, 363 cases failed to pass the hearing screening, and 36 cases of these 363 newborns carried mutations, with a carrier rate of 9.91%. 2 925 cases passed the hearing screening, of which 113 carried mutations, with a carrier rate of 3.86%. There was a significantly statistic difference (χ2=8.67, P=0.000) in carrier rate between two groups. 149 (4.53%) infants were detected to carry at least one mutation allele,among which 113 cases passed the hearing screening and 36 cases failed. Seven cases were diagnosed to have hearing loss. Homozygous GJB2 mutation was detected in 2 cases, compound heterozygous GJB2 mutation was detected in 1 case, and heterozygous GJB2 mutation in 88 cases. There were 91 cases carried GJB2 mutations totally, with a total rate of 2.76%. There were 40 cases were detected to carry heterozygous SLC26A4 mutation, with a carrier rate of 1.22%. Nine cases had heterozygous GJB3 mutation, with a carrier rate of 0.27%. Six cases had homogeneous mitochondria 12SrRNA mutation, and 1 had heterogeneous mutations. There were 7 cases totally, with a total rate of 0.21%. 142 infants with gene mutation should be follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A follow-up system in infants, passed hearing screening,with single heterozygous mutation and mutations associated with drug-induced hearing loss, can help to detect infants with hearing defects early and effectively prevent late-onset hearing impairment.</p>

Regulation of Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 expression by NF-κB / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify a nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) responsive element within the Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1) gene promoter, and to demonstrate its role in the regulation of SMURF1 expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A series of truncated luciferase reporter plasmids of the SMURF1 promoter were constructed and transfected into hepatic cancer Hep G2 cells. Luciferase assays were carried out to assess the activities of such promoters. DNA binding and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to identify an NF-κB responsive element within the SMURF1 promoter. Lucifease plasmid with mutated NF-κB site was constructed and its activity was assessed. The expression of SMURF1 in Hep G2 cells was detected after transfection of NF-κB specific small interfering RNA (siRNA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The SMURF1 promoter showed a high transcription activity, and the region of -519 to -378 was demonstrated to be a positive regulatory region. -411 to -420 of the SMURF1 promoter was an NF-κB responsive element, and NF-κB may specifically bind to this site. Mutation of this element may prominently decrease the activity of the promoter. Transfection of NF-κB siRNA evidently down-regulated SMURF1 expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NF-κB can specifically bind to the -411 to -420 region of the SMURF1 promoter and plays an essential role in the expression of SMURF1.</p>

Improving effect of the ginsenoside hydrolysis product DS-1227 on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective The aim of this experiment was to study the improving effects of a ginsenoside hydrolysis product DS-1227 on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice.Methods Sixty healthy 5-6-week old male ICR mice (body weight 22 ±2 g) were randomly divided into control group, model group, three DS-1227 groups (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg), and positive control group (0.3 mg/kg).Fourteen days after oral administration of DS-1227, an open-field test was conduct to determine the mouse locomotor activity.Fifteen days after oral administration of DS-1227, all experimental animals were intraperitoneally administered scopolamine (0.75 mg/kg) and the mice of control group received the same volume of saline.In addition to scopolamine, the mice of positive control group received intraperitoneal injection of physostigmine in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg.Twenty minutes after completion of all the drug administration, object recognition test and Morris water maze test were conducted to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of the mice.Results DS-1227 had no significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice.Scopolamine obviously decreased the discrimination indexes in object recognition test, and prolonged the escape latency of water maze place navigation test.While 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg of DS-1227 increased the discrimination indexes and decreased the escape latency of place navigation in the mice.Conclusion DS-1227 can improve the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice.